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Metabolic memory

Epigenetic abnormalities involved in metabolic memory in diabetic kidney

We assume that aberrant DNA methylation in the kidney induced by previous inadequate blood glucose control may preserve phenotypic changes and lead to progression of kidney injury in diabetes. We compared DNA methylation levels in the kidneys of control mice with those of diabetic db/db mice. Analysis of a whole kidney reveals that changes in its composition (such as an increase in inflammatory cells and fibroblasts) influence its DNA methylation levels. Therefore, we purified proximal tubular cells by flow cytometric cell sorting (Fig. 1) and found that genes such as angiotensinogen (Agt) exhibit aberrant methylation in diabetic mice (J Am Soc Nephrol 26, 2388, 2015). The finding that abnormal DNA methylation was resistant to glycemic treatment with pioglitazone suggested a possible role of DNA methylation in preserved phenotype changes in the kidney induced by previous poor glycemic control. Aberrant DNA methylation was also observed in nuclear receptor Pxr, which potentially regulates metabolic and fibrotic processes, in proximal tubular cells (Am J Physiol 314, F551, 2018) and TGF-beta, a fibrotic molecule, in mesangial cells (Sci Rep 8, 16338, 2018) obtained from diabetic mice. We are now studying human DNA methylation changes using micro-dissected kidney tissues obtained from patients with diabetic nephropathy (Fig. 2).

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